The injustice
An unbalanced decision
The problem begins when technology shapes a decision about rights without sufficient safeguards, introduces bias or turns an operational inefficiency into a genuine disadvantage for one side.
Law · Technology · Equality of arms
I look for caseswhere technologyhas disruptedequality of arms.
When an algorithm, an automated process or an opaque system enters a decision about rights, efficiency cannot excuse bias, inequality or the loss of a meaningful defence. My work is to identify those points of failure and build legal arguments, controls and tools that restore balance and accountability to the decision.
Academic profile and publications on ORCID ↗Carlos Ibáñez Sánchez — lawyer, founder and researcher in law and technology.
2011I began with complex interests in Public Law and planning.
2013I turned a legal inefficiency into my first Legal Tech product.
TodayI research how automation affects rights, safeguards and accountability.
01 / The issue
When technology enters a decision about rights, it must also remain open to challenge.
I am interested in complex cases in which a person, company or institution faces a system that decides, classifies, recommends or automates without offering the same ability to understand, contest or defend against its outcome.
The asymmetry
Technology without equality of arms
One side understands the system, controls the data or has technical capacity; the other receives only an outcome. That gap can weaken defence rights, adversarial scrutiny and the ability to demand an explanation.
The work
Law, evidence and control
Investigate how the process works, locate the point of failure and combine legal reasoning, technical evidence and oversight mechanisms to restore balance and accountability.
This is not an argument against technology. It is an argument against allowing its use to reduce safeguards, conceal responsibility or turn bias into an apparently neutral decision.
02 / Casibus Perplexis
Investigating cases in which technology may produce injustice.
Casibus Perplexis exists to identify, study and take on complex cases in which artificial intelligence, scoring, automation, analytics or opaque systems intervene in decisions about rights. Its purpose is to expose inequality, reconstruct the decision process and develop legal, technical and institutional responses that restore equality of arms.
- Identify where the asymmetry arises.
- Make the decision understandable and contestable.
- Restore safeguards, control and accountability.
03 / Work
A career focused on restoring balance to decisions.
From planning law and real-estate restructuring to legal software and artificial intelligence, I have worked on the same underlying problem: what happens when the person defending a right does not have the same information, technical capacity or power as the person or system making the decision.
Legal Innovation Technology, S.L.Co-founder and CEO · legal software, platforms and integrations2015 — present↗AIDEA INTAR, S.L.Founder and CEO · artificial intelligence and automation for legal documentation2020 — 2025↗KPI Enterprise · Kairos InternationalFounder · strategy, operations and international growth2024 — present↗IDFOR.AI LTDCo-founder · runtime governance for agents and autonomous systems2026 — present↗Casibus PerplexisFounder · research and action on technology-related injustice2026 — present↗
04 / Path
Fifteen years seeking where law can restore balance.
Public Law lawyer
Cuatrecasas Gonçalves Pereira · SevilleAdvised public bodies, developers and corporate clients on planning and land-use law, regulatory compliance and transactions affected by the real-estate crisis.
Co-founder and Managing Partner
Innolex · SevilleA boutique firm specialising in planning and commercial law, with particular expertise in real-estate debt restructuring, preventive negotiation and orderly wind-downs.
First Legal Tech venture
Legal Innovation, S.L. · Innolex brandThe company operated both as the firm’s vehicle and as a technology laboratory. It produced Lexpire, a judicial and administrative deadline calculator used by more than 10,000 people and later acquired by vLex.
Co-founder and CEO
Legal Innovation Technology, S.L.Leading a legal software company behind Legal3, Lexpire, Legal Data and Legal Gov, covering practice management, case-law analytics, public-sector workflow automation and judicial-platform integrations.
Founder and CEO
AIDEA INTAR, S.L. · with Grupo PlanetaFounded and led an AI company for legal and administrative documents: automated extraction, process automation, neural networks, RAG and agent architectures.
Research, ecosystem and advisory work
University of Seville · Global Legal Tech Hub · Fusión StartupPhD researcher in Law and AI; advisor and AI Area Lead on the Global Legal Tech Hub Advisory Board; mentor at Fusión Startup.
International business platform
Kairos International · KPI Enterprise · Spain / PolandLegal and strategic advice, project management, business development and cross-border operations focused on technology, AI, market expansion and the Spain–Poland corridor.
Technology, rights and equality of arms
IDFOR.AI LTD · Casibus PerplexisDeveloping governance infrastructure for AI agents and an applied research programme on cases in which automation, opacity or technological bias may affect rights and procedural safeguards.
05 / Writing
Research is also a way of building a defence.
2026Preprint · SSRN ↗2025Book chapter ↗2025Article ↗2019Book chapter ↗
The Reasoned Ratification Report (IRR)
Documented human oversight, integrated traceability and control of AI-assisted judicial decisions. Working paper deposited on SSRN.
Legal singularity: using risk to measure levels of autonomy…
Book chapter on autonomy in AI legal reasoning, risk and a framework for implementing the AI judge, published in Código humano.
FLOPs, ZeRO, Chinchilla and the risk of regulating through compute
Why AESIA will have to decide case by case. Published in Revista de Derecho Digital La Ley.
Stories of Andalusian entrepreneurship in Silicon Valley
A chapter on entrepreneurship and the development of Legal Tech products, published by Aula Magna–McGraw Hill.
An editorial selection. The complete and persistent record is maintained on ORCID.ORCID · 0009-0005-9997-4466 ↗
06 / Academia and network
Practice, research and community to understand how technology decides.
Academia
- PhD candidate in Law · University of SevilleResearch on legal singularity, artificial-intelligence autonomy and legal control mechanisms.
- Academic Visitor · University of Oxford, IECLResearch stay from October to December 2025 and a seminar on risk and autonomy in AI legal reasoning.
- University of Oxford · Saïd Business SchoolAI, Justice, and the Rule of Law programme.
- University of Seville & KU LeuvenLaw degree with a specialisation in Public Law and land-use planning.
Boards, mentoring and ecosystem
- Global Legal Tech HubAdvisor, Advisory Board member and AI Area Lead.
- Fusión StartupMentor within the entrepreneurship and venture-building ecosystem.
- Legal Tech and entrepreneurshipEntrepreneurial Initiative Award from the University of Seville; Top 50 in Singularity University’s Call to Innovation; Microsoft BizSpark and Andalucía Open Future programmes.
07 / Contact
Let us talk when technology has tilted the balance.
I analyse cases, systems and projects in which artificial intelligence or automation enters consequential decisions and may create bias, opacity, inequality or an inability to mount an effective defence.